Managing Business Activities to Achieve Results - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2664 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? MANAGING BUSINESS ACTIVITIES TO ACHIEVE RESULTS INTRODUCTION This project gives background information on two companies. A management firm called Venkel Consultant which acquires new and existing firm into solving problems and making the best decisions for these solutions. Venkel was formed and started operation on October 11, 1993 located in the parish of St. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Managing Business Activities to Achieve Results" essay for you Create order Thomas. Venkel is well recognizing because of its records of success rate to local and global companies that they work with. Venkel provides service to clients (non-profit, private entity, local and global organization) with financial, strategic, marketing, operation, technology, entire organization and, merger and acquisition to gain growth across the world. Sure Financial service is a loan company which acquires the service of Venkel Consultant. Sure financial is under new management and the manager is seeking expertise on strategic management and planning to improve the business. Sure financial provides services such as business loan, same day loan, pay day loan and personal loan. The purpose of this project is to show new and existing business how to maneuver their problems and make better decision so they will not occur again to enhance performance and growth. It will give business and understanding of the problems they can face and how they will manage them effectively and e fficiently. This research shows aspects such as quality, operational plans, operational systems, health and safety can help the boost the performance of the business. A broader detail of these aspects is shown using Sure Financial as an example to bring a better understanding. LITERTURE REVIEW CliffNotes (2013) stated that organizational process is involved the task and work needed to accomplish the goals of the organization. The functions of an organization are accounting, administration, human resource, marketing and sales etc. Suzanne Robertson (1995) defined quality gateways as an organization through which all requirements must pass. Each process within the organization has to pass through a test before the finish product reaches the consumer. It can be used to track if something is wrong and fix it early. Operational plan is a detailed plan used to provide a clear picture of how a team, section or department will contribute to the achievement of the organizationà ¢Ã ¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s strategic goals defined by Davis (2013). Mission, vision, objectives and goals are considered as strategic intent. Koren (2012) defined goals as an expected or desired outcome of a planning process. According to Iyothimonic (2011) objectives states what is to be accomplished by when and should be quantified if possible. It is described as the organization environment and performance. Kean Education (n/a) define the acronym SMART of objectives where specific is what exactly are we going to do for whom, measureable is to ask if it is quantifiable, attainable is if we can get it done in the proposed time frame with the resources and support available, relevant is the objective it has on the desired goals and when it will be accomplished is called time. According to Albrecht (2011) organization performance is the extent to which an organization achieves a set of pre-defined targets that are unique to its mission and objectives. Key performance indicator is used as a dr iver to enable performance. Quality is about meeting the needs and expectation of customers which is important to grow a business and helps with organization performance stated by Riley (2012). Total quality management is a management approach centered on quality, based on the participation of an organization, people and aiming of long-term success defined by Chartered Quality Institute (2014). It enables businesses to meet stakeholderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s needs and expectation without compromising ethical values. OBJECTIVES Here are some objectives for this project: To analyze the importance of managing a business effectively and efficiently To determine how to mitigate problems within the organization and find the best solutions. To analyze ways improve organizational performance to enhance success. To analyze how health and safety in the workplace is a good business process to enable sustainability. METHODOLOGY This research was considered a qualitative research. A qualitative research is collecting, measuring and analyzing data by observing what people do and say. My research requires collecting data from primary and secondary research. Primary research is getting information first hand. The primary sources that I have used to obtain information on Sure Financial Service Ltd are observation and interview. Closed and open question were used on my questionnaire and also my interview questions, which was a formal interview. Secondary research is obtaining information that is already done or getting it from a second hand source. The internet, books and webpage were the secondary sources used to help conduct the research. In conducting the research I had to seek authority from a member of the staff for permission to conduct an interview and to have information on their customers. There are few limitations with getting the interview to be conducted on a set date. I had to keep changing the date so that it could suit the member of staff chosen to be interviewed. There were certain information that the staff could not have given out due to the safety and confidentiality of the company. Most of the customers came in a hurry either from work or going to work so it was complicated to find someone who would answer the question for me. LO1: WHAT ARE THE IMPORTANCE OF BUSINESS PROCESSES DELIVERING OUTCOMES BASED UPON BUSINESS GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 1.1The interrelationship between the different processes and functions of the organization According to Cliffnotes (2013) an organizational process involves the tasks and work needed to accomplish the goals of the organization. The function of Sure Financial is human resource, customer service, operations etc. The function of an organization is the grouping of persons with the same skills and expertise to ensure business activity is carried out efficiently. Customer service is a major business functio n within Sure Financial. In order for an organization to gain success and maintain profit, customer service has to e of a good standard. This function has processes such as minimizing customer enquiries, providing information and advice, solving customer problem, using customer feedback etc. All of these processes come under the customer service function as it relates to gain potential customers. Sure Financial has special policies to deal with customer complaints to ensure they are delft with and they are solved to suit the business and organization. Finance is another function of the organization that has to relate with the organization goals and objectives. The finance department records all the transaction of purchases, sales, income, loss, profit etc. These records are used for future use to look back o to make better decisions. These functions have to support all the finance to fulfill the objectives and aims, also the fiancÃÆ' ©s of paying staff, equipments, growth or m achinery. Some process within finance are: Recording trasactions Producing invoices Preparing payroll Producing cashflow 1.2 Methodology to map processes to organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s goals and objectives The goals and objectives of Sure Financial underpin brand identity, growth ad customer satisfaction. In order for the company to carry out all of the factors that the objectives underpins it needs to have efficient and effective processes. Process mapping is a visual aid used to understand the process of Sure Financial. It used to solve problems, organize work activities and eliminate and prevent problems. The acronym DMAIC is used to map the processes of Sur Financial to their objectives and goals. Define phase is where the goals of the organization is define along with the process. Sure Financial goals and objectives are growth, customer satisfaction and brand identity. At this stage we should define which mapping process to match the goals, for example flow chart. Each objective will be defined along with their requirements. At the measuring stage , data is collected on how the proc ess is performing into meeting these objectives. Data is being collected on who, which and how many is needed to meet these objectives. It helps to break down these goals and find their root causes. The analyzing phase reviews the data collection during the measuring stage. In this phase the organization will use diagrams to verify the causes and to show how the processes will lead to the organization meeting their goals and objectives. Improve phase is finding the best solution for ensuring that processes are mapped towards meeting the goals. In this phase Sure Financial improves maps of the processes and measure improvements The final phase is control, where the organization focuses on how to maintain the processes. The process is continuously improved by using DMAIC tool to ensure that goals and objectives are always met. The knowledge is being applied throughout the entire organization and the processes. 1.3 Output process and the quality gateways Robertson (1995) defines à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Quality gateways as an organization point through which all requirements have to pass through before going to the next stage. It helps in telling when something is wrong at a early stage. Output of process is the end result of the process. Good service is what Sure Financial output is mainly about, in order for them to achieve their objectives. The output of the process must be evaluated before the service and product reach the customers of Sure Financial. However there are requirements that the service as to pass through before going out to the customers. For example requirements of obtain a business loan. LO2: WHAT ARE THE PROCESSES TO DEVELOP PLANS FOR OWN AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY TO IMPLEMENT OPERATION PLANS 2.1 Design plans which promote goals and objectives for own area responsibility Area of responsibility is a re areas of plans and how to conduct operations. The area and responsibility of the organization are market research, internal and e xternal customers, customer orientation etc. Sure Financial goals and objectives underpin contributing to growth, brand identity and customer satisfaction. Tools and techniques that Sure Financial used to promote goals and objectives are: Brainstorming Feedbacks forms Value chain analysis Quality control Change management project to mitigate damages of values and image These tools help manager to plan clearly and quickly. They help to put a picture to visualize the words so that involved stakeholders can have a view and understanding of what is happening. However there are two project management tools that can be used to promote their goals such as: Critical path analysis- this is used to anayze the activities needed and the time and when resources are needed to complete a task. PERT chart- the acronym PERT stands for Program Evaluation Review Techniques. It is used to co-ordinate task in a project to reach desired goals and objectives. 2.2 SMART objectives to align people and other resources effectively and efficiently Iyothemonic (2011) define à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Objective as what is to be accomplished by when and should be measureable. It describes how an organization performs and the environment it is within. The acronym SMART means specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time based. The objectives of Sure Financial are poor SMART objectives. Examples of SMART objectives à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“To develop a solid, corporate identity by building 80% customer awareness by the first year of operationsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  2.3 Systems to achieve objectives efficiently, on time, to budget and meeting organizational standards of quality In order for the organization to achieve their goals effectively, on time, to budget while meeting a quality standard then the appropriate system as to put in place. The systems that was chosen to help the organization to achieve their objectives is Value added chain. A value ad ded chain is a tool used to set out activities that create value for the organization customers. It helps to purchase high standard raw materials from suppliers to provide service with high value. Sure Financial provide quality service with no hassle or collateral for their customers. Value added chain can be divided into two groups; primary activities and support activities. Primary activities in Sure Financial are sales, customer service, maintenance etc. Supporting activities work underneath the primary activities. These activities are used to meet the objectives of the organization by adding value. The organization realizes that providing service on time is very essential and it does add value and increase quality. Porterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Value chain consists of four steps which are used to add value to the customers of Sure Financial. They include: Identifying activities for primary activities: Workactivities meting the operational plan through effective monitoring and control The operational plans are met through effective monitoring and control by co-ordination of activities. Co-ordination involves working together by bringing all activities of the company. Co-ordination involves planning, organizing, staffing, directing, communicating, motivating, leading and controlling. Co-ordination put things in order so that they stay in track to achieve the objective of the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s co-ordination helps with the resources of the organization to achieve objectives and minimize wastage in the company. Sure financial make plans within departmentthen come together to decide on a master plan from these plans. The work of each level of sure financial is organized from top to bottom which helps to monitor what gives down to the lower level .the staffing of the organization has to be coordinated which involvesrecruiting, training etc. coordinating can be ob tained from directing information property to workers/employee. There are different types of communication that has to be coordinated property to meet operational plan. Lack communication can hinder the organization from certain function within the process of the operation plan.Emplopyees have to be motivated in order to produce effective work, therefore motivation has to coordinate right through the organization. The manager of sure financial has to co-ordinate, leadership to employees to achieve goals and ojective.Controlling cannot work with co-ordinating of activities. All of functions of management are coordinated to ensure that the working activities of the organized meet to reach operational plan. Systems to manage and monitorquality standards The controlling methods and systems that are used by sure financial are quality circle and T.Q.M. Qualioty is satisfying the needs of customers with minimum standards. quality circle are small group of employees who voluntee r to meet any purpose of the organization. The main purpose of having quality circle in sure financial is quality enhancement which is beneficial to gain process and quality improvement. Quality circle is beneficial to sure financial because it builds a strong communication within the organization. Employees are engaged in decision making where the best decisions are chosen to provide a quality service. This enables more knowledgeable and innovative ideas to make with the organization. Total quality managements a philosophy manages used to manage stakeholders to participate in meeting the goals and objectives effectively that would be beneficial to the organization and society. TQM is thought by sure financial to teacjh employees how to meet customers expectation effectively and efficiently .Each staff is required to provide quality services to the customers of sure financial. It helps the company to make the right decisions by using the right resources and done at the right time . Quality culture to ensure continuous monitoring, evaluationand development of the process Quality culture is the belief and value of employees within an organization that push them into continuously increasing the quality of product/services. Sure financial trains their staff with the right policies in order for the company to achieve quality. Sure financial uses method shown à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. To build a quality circle with high motivation for continuous quality improvement. Building up trust: the manager of sure financial can empower trust between employees by involving then in decision making to achieve goals. Communication training: communication is the transferring of information within and outside of the organization. Continuously communicating with the right tools helps with the quality improvement of sure financial. The staff has to be trained to do their jobs so that it is done effectively and efficiently.it helps with providing staff with new and update skills to perform their task. Motivation: motivating employees is very essential because it helps them to provide a effectively and efficient work force. Employees will try to put out their test to achieve a quality service for sure financial. Beneficial such as rising of pay, businessetc. can help to motivating employees. 1 | Page

History Of Science And The Natural Sciences - 1039 Words

In the last several years I have developed two main areas of focus: I am interested in the history of scientific diagrams (including maps) as a combination of the history of visualization and theories of representation, as well as in the more physical spaces of science, including natural history museums, hospitals, and laboratories. Since the last years of my undergraduate degree at Rice, I have been interested in the intersections of science and architecture. I completed my BA in two major fields – architecture and civil engineering – and thus have a firm background in both the humanities and the natural sciences. Outside of school, I gained experience in both architecture and experimental physics. At no time did I try to separate my practical training in either field from my more scholarly interests in their overlap, and I have continued this inter-disciplinary interest by constructing a dual PhD program at Harvard, enrolling in both the History of Science and History of Architecture Urban Planning programs. (I will fulfill the course and general examination requirements of both departments, and write one dissertation. My committee will include professors from both fields.) One topic that particularly interests me is the development of American laboratories in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Laboratories have existed in several contexts – from the work of individual inventors and corporate RD to academic departments and governmental agencies – and theirShow MoreRelatedThe Knowledge Of Natural Sciences And History1592 Words   |  7 Pagesunwise. Thus, I wish to examine how we best acquire knowledge in Natural Sciences and History. 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Disagreement is about gathering reliable knowledge as well as using this newfound knowledge, and occurs when a group fails to reach a consensus over the logic of an argument. Knowledge is composed of facts, information, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education. Two areas of knowledge that are impacted by disagreement are human science and natural science. Human science is the study ofRead MoreScience, Ethics, And History1074 Words   |  5 Pageswhat degree of success can the facts that the theories consist of pertain to different areas of knowledge as the theory? For example, can one successfully link facts from the areas of mathematics, ethics, and history to enhance our understanding of a theory pertaining to the human sciences? These questions are the basis for this essay, and in the following paragraphs I will expound how facts and theories are interdependent, no matter what area of knowledge they pertain to; in order to understand

Png Lenor Case Study Analysis Free Essays

Recommendations * Relaunch the 3:1 concentrate temporarily, but invest heavily in RD for a more permanent solution * Aggressively re-launch 3:1 concentrate. * Advertise and emphasize on its environmental benefits due to reduced packing materials. * Focus on generating more sustainable solutions * Invest in RD for adapting real eco-friendly solutions. We will write a custom essay sample on Png Lenor Case Study Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Rationale * This form of product was already launched previously and has proven to be successful (people bought it for a 10 times higher price). It costs lesser to re-adapt to an older version. * People are more used to this version of packaging and can accept it better * Cost Savings can be re-directed to RD to obtain a more sustainable solution * Doy Pouches and wax-coated cartons do not create an eco-friendly image * These new packaging’s may create expectations of similar packaging for other products * These packages are not exactly sturdy and durable (leakage problems). The carton refill package resembles the milk carton packaging which could face regulatory complications. Action Plan * Advertisements about 3:1 concentrate highlighting its supreme efficiency (maybe include some tangible R;D results to drive home the message) * Create awareness about the environmental benefits due to 45% package saving. * Invest heavily in R;D to develop eco-friendly degradable material ( e. g.. Bioplastics) * Create hype about the money saved by opting for the Lenor concentrate pack, being re-directed towards development of green packaging material that might be adapted not only across P;G products but across all plastic packaging. * Promote slogans and campaigns about P;Gs efforts to care for the environment * Create the image that by buying P;G products, people are indirectly investing in protecting the planet * Conduct feasibility analysis and take efforts to implement the new fully-degradable material across all products How to cite Png Lenor Case Study Analysis, Free Case study samples

Psychological Concept of Humans Eating Behavior

Introduction Studies examining the eating behaviours of various individuals show that the amount of food consumed is directly affected by outside environmental food cues which trigger a response which causes the feeling of hunger which in turn causes a person to eat (Hepworth et al, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Psychological Concept of Humans Eating Behavior specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Not only that, the amount of food consumed has been shown to marginally increase depending on the type and level of the environmental attribute attempting to influence an individual (Cohen, 2008). This can come in the form of appearance, smell or even personal preference towards a particular food type which triggers the response for the body to get hungry (Van der Laan et al., 2011) (Radnitz et al., 2009). It must be noted that food cues can be considered a form of conditioned stimuli for the body wherein after a ce rtain degree of exposure the body reacts through the production of increased salivation and changes in blood glucose levels in order to prepare the body for the intake of food (Hou et al., 2011). Such a reaction is similar to what is seen in various Pavlovian conditioning mechanisms wherein after a certain time the body reacts in a predetermined fashion after continuous environmental cues which creates the behaviour (Boggiano et al., 2009). In this particular case it is the exposure to food cues which in turn causes the body to react as a result of an inherent conditioning mechanism. It can even be assumed that the sudden feeling of hunger individuals experience after being exposed to a food cue can thus be attributed to the body’s inherent Pavlovian conditioning mechanism wherein in expectation of the consumption of food the body reacts in a predetermined fashion such as changes in blood glucose levels, the increased release of stomach acids and greater degrees of salivation (Galarce et al., 2010). As such, this reaction is attributed to the condition of being hungry when in fact it was the result of a food cue and not a denial of earlier sustenance that caused the reaction. On the other hand, such a reaction does not happen on a continuous case to case basis, in fact in some cases wherein despite the level of exposure involved the desire to eat does not manifest itself as readily in some individuals compared to others (Polivy et al., 2008). This lack of desire or rather behavioural resistance to the compulsion of eating is thus attributed to the concept of restraint which refers to an individuals concern over their food intake versus the amount their body actually needs (Geyskens et al, 2010) (Cornier et al., 2009).Advertising Looking for report on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It must be noted that the concept of restraint varies per individual as evidenced by the rising fac tors of obesity within the U.S., Europe and various other countries (Hollitt et al., 2010) (Ouwehand Papies, 2010). It has been shown by various studies that distinct behavioural traits of which restraint is included directly factor in to the caloric intake of an individual however various studies have been inconclusive as to how a factor such as restraint adequately develops in an individual so as to resist the compulsion to eat when presented with a food cue (Loxton et al., 2011). Based on the presented data, this study assumes that by examining the scores at different levels of restraint specific individuals can be identified within the test subjects who respond differently to food cues or neutral cues. This data can thus be utilized to further examine the developmental attributes of restraint and how it manifests in certain people. Discussion The results of the experiment showed that the overall mean of hunger levels in neutral or control condition was lower than in food condit ion which was to be expected given the nature of the testing phase since common sense dictates that people would have a much greater Pavolovian reaction to pictures of food (as mentioned earlier in the introduction) as compared to inedible objects. While in the case of high-restrainers they had a bigger score of hunger in both conditions there was no significant difference in the change of the hunger score of low restraint group in neutral and food-cues conditions. It must also be noted that there was no significant difference was found in the change of the hunger level in high restraint group in neutral and food-cues conditions. Finally a significant finding of the study was that the hunger score of high-restrainers’ had increased significantly more than in low- restrainers’ group. Based on the results of the study it can be seen that the experiment showed no significant difference in high- and low-restrainers’ hunger rating in neutral- and food-cue presentatio ns. An examination of various studies involving food cues reveals that the reason behind the results of the study can be connected to the type of food cue used to illicit a response from the subject (Loxton et al., 2011).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Psychological Concept of Humans Eating Behavior specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In other experiments it was shown that by utilizing both visual and olfactory senses in order to stimulate the subject a greater degree of rating difference was seen between high and low restrainers. It was noted by the studies that while visual cues can be used as a method of eliciting a particular response the researchers found that using a blindfold test the participants exhibited a greater response in terms of smell as compared to visual stimuli (Hepworth et al, 2010). On the other hand a combination of both resulted in a far greater degree of hunger rating. The reason behind th is is attributed to the fact that human response mechanisms have different reactive traits based on the degree and type of stimuli involved. Various marketing studies have shown that while visual representations do illicit a form of hunger, when other sensory mechanisms are included into the assessment the level of hunger actually increases (Brignell et al., 2009). In fact the results of such studies have been implemented in various fast food establishments utilizing the â€Å"open kitchen† concept wherein the smells and visuals presented by the establishment help to increase the rate of hunger resulting in that particular person ordering more than initially intended (Geyskens et al, 2010). It was also shown that static pictorial representations of food often times don’t do as well as compared to moving graphical representations hence the fact a majority of modern day food commercials often show the food being prepared and moving which has been shown to illicit a great er response (Schur et al., 2009). It is assumed that the basis behind this particular response is due to the fact that food that is moving is thought to be more â€Å"real† for the audience. Static representations such as those seen in pictures have a less effective response due to the fact that the perception of the individual viewing the photo interprets it as nothing more than a mere photo (Forzan et al., 2010). Conclusion It can be assumed that when an individual is presented with either a static representation or a moving graphic visualization it can be expected that the latter will draw out a greater hunger response (Van der Laan et al., 2011).Advertising Looking for report on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While the research supported the hypothesis of a significant interaction which occurred in hunger levels between high- and low- restraint groups in control and test condition the fact remains that upon closer examination of the methods utilized in this particular study compared to others it is revealed that a mere static picture is an insufficient method of drawing out an appropriate response (Piech et al., 2010). This evidenced by the fact that the experiment evidenced no significant difference in high- and low-restrainers’ hunger rating in neutral- and food-cue presentations. As such it is recommended for future studies utilizing the same principals to use food cues that stimulate more than one sense so as to get a more accurate level of distinction between hunger ratings. References Brignell, C, Griffiths, T, Bradley, B, Mogg, K 2009, ‘Attentional and approach biases for pictorial food cues. Influence of external eating’, Appetite, 52, 2, pp. 299-306, Academi c Search Complete, EBSCOhost. Boggiano, M, Dorsey, J, Thomas, J, Murdaugh, D 2009, ‘The Pavlovian power of palatable food: lessons for weight-loss adherence from a new rodent model of cue-induced overeating’, International Journal of Obesity, 33, 6, pp. 693-701, Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost. Cohen, DA 2008, ‘Obesity and the built environment: changes in environmental cues cause energy imbalances’, International Journal of Obesity, 32, pp. S137-S142, Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost. Cornier, M, Salzberg, A, Endly, D, Bessesen, D, Rojas, D, Tregellas, J 2009, ‘The Effects of Overfeeding on the Neuronal Response to Visual Food Cues in Thin and Reduced-Obese Individuals’, PLoS ONE, 4, 7, pp. 1-7, Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost. Forzano, L, Chelonis, J, Casey, C, Forward, M, Stachowiak, J, Wood, J 2010, ‘SELF-CONTROL AND IMPULSIVENESS IN NONDIETING ADULT HUMAN FEMALES: EFFECTS OF VISUAL FOOD CUES AND FOOD DEPRIVATION’ ,  Psychological Record, 60, 4, pp. 587-607, Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost. Galarce, E, McDannald, M, Holland, P 2010, ‘The basolateral amygdala mediates the effects of cues associated with meal interruption on feeding behavior’, Brain  Research, 1350, pp. 112-122, Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost. Geyskens, K, Soetens, B, Roets, A 2010, ‘Exposure Makes the Heart Grow Less Fond!: The Effects of Exposure to Palatable Foods on the Subsequent Attention Processing of Food Cues’, Journal of Health Psychology, 15, 2, pp. 230-238, Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost. Hepworth, R, Mogg, K, Brignell, C, Bradley, B 2010, ‘Negative mood increases selective attention to food cues and subjective appetite’, Appetite, 54, 1, pp. 134-142, Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost. Hou, R, Mogg, K, Bradley, B, Moss-Morris, R, Peveler, R, Roefs, A 2011, ‘External eating, impulsivity and attentional bias to food cues’, Appetite, 56, 2, pp. 424-427, Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost. Hollitt, S, Kemps, E, Tiggemann, M, Smeets, E, Mills, J 2010, ‘Components of attentional bias for food cues among restrained eaters’, Appetite, 54, 2, pp. 309-313, Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost. Loxton, N, Dawe, S, Cahill, A 2011, ‘Does negative mood drive the urge to eat? The contribution of negative mood, exposure to food cues and eating style’, Appetite, 56, 2, pp. 368-374, Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost. Ouwehand, C, Papies, E 2010, ‘Eat it or beat it. The differential effects of food temptations on overweight and normal-weight restrained eaters’, Appetite, 55, 1, pp. 56-60, Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost. Piech, R, Pastorino, M, Zald, D 2010, ‘All I saw was the cake. Hunger effects on attentional capture by visual food cues’, Appetite, 54, 3, pp. 579-582, Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost. Polivy, J, Herman, C, Coelho, J 2008, ‘Caloric restriction in t he presence of attractive food cues: External cues, eating, and weight’, Physiology Behavior, 94, 5, pp. 729-733, Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost. Radnitz, C, Byrne, S, Goldman, R, Sparks, M, Gantshar, M, Tung, K 2009, ‘Food cues in children’s television programs’, Appetite, 52, 1, pp. 230-233, Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost. Schur, E, Kleinhans, N, Goldberg, J, Buchwald, D, Schwartz, M, Maravilla, K 2009, ‘Activation in brain energy regulation and reward centers by food cues varies with choice of visual stimulus’, International Journal of Obesity, 33, 6, pp. 653-661, Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost. Van der Laan, L, de Ridder, D, Viergever, M, Smeets, P 2011, ‘The first taste is always with the eyes: A meta-analysis on the neural correlates of processing visual food cues’, NeuroImage, 55, 1, pp. 296-303, Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost. This report on Psychological Concept of Humans Eating Behavior was written and submitted by user Brianna Snyder to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Heinz Goes On A Diet Case Example

Heinz Goes On A Diet Case Example Heinz Goes On A Diet Case – Case Study Example Heinz Goes on Diet Case The challenges Heinz faced, in meeting the capa needs, come because of the lack of parenting opportunities. He ought to focus on analyzing opportunities and estimating their significance. For example, a parent who is not an expert in manufacturing might not know that a business lacked excellent manufacturing skills. A parent without detailed knowledge of a business market may not be aware of the opportunity to combine sales forces. Therefore, choices must be evaluated in both strategic and economical terms and the strategic choice must be coherent with the overall strategy of the firm. The operational management options that Heinz has to put in place are aligning fresh food chains to the needs of the consumer, and develop a system that is responsive to changing consumer needs (Stevenson, 2012). In his case, both demand and supply are volatile. The perishable nature of products places a number of constraints in dealing with suboptimal demand and supply informa tion. The whole crop of carcasses are to be marketed. Developing creative solutions to the bundle of these three challenges create strategic options and new business opportunities for fresh food retailers and suppliers (Stevenson, 2012).The facility’s location, which addresses issues like the main operation’s location takes a major influence in this scenario. Once such decisions are taken, the organization has to live long with prospects and problems regarding the raw materials, supplies, labor, markets and all other resources (Stevenson, 2012). Additionally, marketing strategy, which includes customer profile products, services, markets volumes, and price structures should be taken into consideration. Choice of the region and the site is also an important factor to consider. This is because it affects transportation cost and long distance considering the nature of goods.ReferenceTop of FormStevenson, W. J. (2012).  Operations management: Theory and practice. New Yor k, N.Y: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.Bottom of Form1.

The Definition and Usage of Optimality Theory

The Definition and Usage of Optimality Theory In linguistics, the theory that surface forms of language reflect resolutions of conflicts between competing constraints (i.e., specific restrictions on the form[s] of a structure). Optimality Theory was introduced in the 1990s by linguists Alan Prince and Paul Smolensky (Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar, 1993/2004). Though originally developed from generative phonology, the principles of Optimality Theory have also been applied in studies of syntax, morphology, pragmatics, language change, and other areas. In Doing Optimality Theory (2008), John J. McCarthy points out that some of the most significant work on OT is available for free on the Rutgers Optimality Archive. ROA, which was created by Alan Prince in 1993, is an electronic depository of work in, on, or about OT. Its a fabulous resource for the student as well as the veteran scholar. Observations At the heart of Optimality Theory lies the idea that language, and in fact every grammar, is a system of conflicting forces. These forces are embodied by constraints, each of which makes a requirement about some aspect of grammatical output forms. Constraints are typically conflicting, in the sense that to satisfy one constraint implies the violation of another. Given the fact that no form can satisfy all constraints simultaneously, there must be some mechanism selecting forms that incur lesser constraint violations from others that incur more serious ones. This selectional mechanism involves hierarchical ranking of constraints, such that higher-ranked constraints have priority over lower-ranked ones. While constraints are universal, the rankings are not: differences in ranking are the source of cross-linguistic variation. (Renà © Kager, Optimality Theory. Cambridge University Press, 1999) Faithfulness and Markedness Constraints [Optimality Theory] holds that all languages have a set of constraints which produce the basic phonological and grammatical patterns of that particular language. In many cases, an actual utterance violates one or more of these constraints, so a sense of well-formedness applies to that utterance which violates the least number or least important constraints. Constraints can be classified in two types: faithfulness and markedness. The faithfulness principle constrains a word to match the underlying morphological form (such as plural tram -s in trams). But words like buses or dogs do not follow this constraint (the first falls foul of the constraint that prevents the pronunciation of two consecutive /s/ sounds and the second places a /z/ instead of an /s/). These two examples, though, follow markedness constraints, and in these cases the particular markedness scores higher than the faithfulness constraint, so the alternate forms are allowed. Differences between languages, then, are a ma tter of the relative importance given to particular constraints, and a description of these constitutes a description of the language. (R.L. Trask, Language and Linguistics: The Key Concepts, 2nd ed., ed. by Peter Stockwell. Routledge, 2007) Constraint Interaction and the Domination Hierarchy [W]e assert that the constraints operating in a particular language are highly conflicting and make sharply contrary claims about the well-formedness of most representations. The grammar consists of the constraints together with a general means of resolving their conflicts. We argue further that this conception is an essential prerequisite for a substantive theory of UG. How does a grammar determine which analysis of a given input best satisfies a set of consistent well-formedness conditions? Optimality Theory relies on a conceptually simple but surprisingly rich notion of constraint interaction whereby the satisfaction of one constraint can be designated to take absolute priority over the satisfaction of another. The means that a grammar uses to resolve conflicts is to rank constraints in a strict domination hierarchy. Each constraint has absolute priority over all the constraints lower in the hierarchy. [O]nce the notion of constraint-precedence is brought in from the periphery and foregrounded, it reveals itself to be of remarkably wide generality, the formal engine driving many grammatical interactions. It will follow that much that has been attributed to narrowly specific constructional rules or to highly particularized conditions is actually the responsibility of very general well-formedness constraints. In addition, a diversity of effects, previously understood in terms of the triggering or blocking of rules by constraints (or merely by special conditions), will be seen to emerge from constraint interaction. (Alan Prince and Paul Smolensky, Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar. Blackwell, 2004) The Richness of the Base Hypothesis Optimality Theory (OT) does not allow for constraints on the inputs of phonological evaluation. Output constraints are the only mechanisms for expressing phonotactic patterns. This idea of OT is referred to as the Richness of the Base hypothesis. For instance, there is no input constraint that forbids the morpheme *bnik as a morpheme of English. The output constraints will penalize such a form, and evaluate this form in such a way that the optimal output form is not faithful to this form, but different, e.g. blik. Since forms such as bnik will never surface in English, it does not make sense to store an underlying form bnik for blik. This is the effect of lexicon optimization. Thus, the phonological output constraints of a language will be reflected by the input forms. (Geert Booij, Morpheme Structure Constraints. The Blackwell Companion to Phonology: General Issues and Subsegmental Phonology, ed. by Marc van Oostendorp, Colin J. Ewen, Elizabeth Hume, Keren Rice. Blackwell, 2011) Optimality-Theoretic Syntax [T]he emergence of OT syntax seems to fit into the general tendency in syntax to blame the ungrammaticality of a sentence on the existence of a better alternative. This view on grammaticality is also found in [Noam] Chomskys Minimalist Program (Chomsky 1995), although Chomsky takes optimization to play a much more modest role than OT syntacticians do. Whereas Chomskys only criterion for evaluation is derivational cost, the inventory of violable constraints assumed in OT syntax is richer. As a result, the OT constraints interact and conflict with each other. This interaction is exploited by the assumption that constraints are ranked, and that parametrization can be reduced to differences in ranking between languages. Chomskys economic conditions, on the other hand, have no such direct parametrizing effect. In the Minimalist Program, the locus of the parametrization is the lexicon. (Introduction to Optimality Theory: Phonology, Syntax, and Acquisition, ed. by Joost Dekkers, Frank van d er Leeuw, and Jeroen van de Weijer. Oxford University Press, 2000)

Business Oulining Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Oulining - Research Proposal Example MARKETING PLAN From statistics, it showed that the existing similar businesses in the area are very few and don’t serve the population to maximum. The firm will ensure that it offers maximum products and services to the customers; the main targeted customers include individuals, institutions, contractors and other commercial and industrial customers. Price strategy will be laid down considering the corresponding cost of product, labour and prices charged by other competitors. The business will advertise its goods through posters, trade exhibitions and mass media. This will enable the business to compete effectively with other enterprises. The opportunity is quite promising since the competition is not that high. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT The owner of the business will be overall manager. Having obtained a Masters degree in Business Management hence will have high skills in management field. His duties will be setting business goals, making decisions, recruiting new employees and overall supervision of the business. The owner will employ a number of qualified staff who will assist in carrying out various duties involved in the business. The workers experts from the business related field. Recruitment of a new staff and motivation will be tactfully applied. Promotion of staff will be considered and incentives will be offered depending on qualifications, experience, long-service and hard working. The business will obtain all necessary legal documents e.g. licenses and the supportive services such as insurance, banking services shall be provided OPERATIONAL PLAN The business will operate on a considerable rented hall. It will start operating early January 2015. The premises will be equipped with all important facilities e.g. telephone, toilets, etc. Operational days will be throughout the week from 8.00 a.m. to 5.00 p.m. apart from Sundays and Public Holidays where the business shall remain closed. Financial plan The estimated amount of money required to s tart the business is $20,000. The source of the funds will be personal savings of $5000 shillings, a bank loan of $12,000 and donation from friends and well wishers of $2000. The break-even point of the business is estimated to be $ 15000 and the gross profit margin ration is estimated to be 87.97%. the business plans to make contact to 300 business owners per month and convert it to total of 15 sales per month in a minimum of 10,000 loan request from merchants at 5% commission will be estimated income of $7500 per month. I am expecting to pay back the amount monthly in 5 years. I am passionate in helping small business to survive. Item Cost E-mail greeting for sales $50 Desk top $900 Desk and chair purchase $200 Leads to call $700 for 3 months $2100 Paper and office supplies $700 Simple website set up $500 Home line and greeting setup $100 Email and domain setup $20 Hire an attorney for applications and agreements with Merchants $500Â   Create a company name and other company setu ps $800 List of questions for Merchants 400 CRM $5500 Extra Employee pay for 3 months $7200 Total $15,000 Executive Summary Rosie Neek investment Limited is an Independent sales operator (ISO) working in the merchant industry to help build profitable businesses by lending to potential customers. They serve as links to business requiring capital boosts while charging transaction, statements and monthly minimum fees. The business is based in 40 Wall Street, New York. ISOs makes business to